What the Council of Europe AI Convention requires
Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (CETS 225)
- Status
- Adopted, not yet applicable
- Binding
- Yes
- Object analysed
- AI system
- Requirements
- 5
- Next milestone
- 2027
In short
First binding international AI treaty: human rights, democracy and rule of law. Signed by the EU, UK and US. HUDERIA methodology for impact assessment.
Steps to compliance
- Qualify each AI systemAxes to decide: Sector.
- Determine your roleDuties vary by role: Public authority and Private actor.
- Apply the 5 requirementsThey focus on: Transparency & notice, Synthetic content, Fairness & non-discrimination and Personal data.
- Prove it with checks8 checks to document, 8 of which also serve PL 2338, AI Act and Colorado AI Act.
- Track the deadlinesNext milestone: 2027, Entry into force after 5 ratifications incl. 3 member states (potential).
Scope and penalties
- Kind
- Treaty
- Scope
- Public authorities; private sector at each state's choice.
- Territorial reach
- State parties.
- Penalties
- Depends on national implementation.
- Jurisdiction
- Council of Europe
Timeline
Qualifying a system
Classification axes and possible verdicts
Sector
Requirements
5 requirements
| Code | Article | Requirement | Applies to | Checks |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COE-08 | Art. 8 | Transparency and oversight, incl. identification of generated content | ||
| COE-10 | Art. 10 | Equality and non-discrimination | ||
| COE-11 | Art. 11 | Privacy and data protection | ||
| COE-14 | Art. 14, 15 | Effective remedies and procedural safeguards | ||
| COE-16 | Art. 16 | Risk and impact management framework (HUDERIA) |
Checks to document
Evidence collected for a check counts for every regulation that uses it.
| Code | Check | Scope | Themes | Also used by |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VER-018-D-01 | Persons informed of the interaction with an AI system | System | ||
| VER-018-D-03 | AI-generated content marked as such | System | ||
| CHK-BIAS | Fairness and bias are evaluated and results documented | System | ||
| VER-019-D-02 | DPIA carried out in accordance with GDPR Art. 35 | System | ||
| VER-033-D-01 | Decision explanation procedure documented | Organisation | ||
| CHK-BR-CONTEST | Procedure to contest a decision and obtain human review published | Organisation | ||
| VER-020-D-01 | FRIA carried out in accordance with Art. 27 | System | ||
| VER-003-01 | Documented and up-to-date risk register | System |
Themes covered
Frequently asked questions
Who is in scope of CoE Convention?
Public authorities; private sector at each state's choice. State parties.
What penalties does CoE Convention carry?
Depends on national implementation.
When do the CoE Convention obligations apply?
Sep 5, 2024: Opened for signature (Vilnius); Nov 28, 2024: HUDERIA methodology adopted; 2027: Entry into force after 5 ratifications incl. 3 member states.
Is CoE Convention binding?
Yes. Kind: treaty. Status: adopted, not yet applicable.
How does CoE Convention relate to other regulations?
The same checks serve several texts. Shared checks: PL 2338 (6), AI Act (5) and Colorado AI Act (5).
Related regulations
Official sources
Data checked on Sep 25, 2026. General information, not legal advice. Check the official texts and get advice for your situation.
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